![]() The stated areas of study were the deep structure of the Baltic Shield, seismic discontinuities and the thermal regime in the Earth's crust, the physical and chemical composition of the deep crust and the transition from upper to lower crust, lithospheric geophysics, and to create and develop technologies for deep geophysical study. The project has been a site of extensive geophysical examinations. The Kola Superdeep Borehole penetrated about a third of the way through the Baltic Shield continental crust, estimated to be around 35 kilometres (22 mi) deep, reaching Archean rocks at the bottom. As a result of these findings, many scientists now theorize that aquifers of water can be found at much greater depths than older scientific models had previously thought possible. It was discovered that deep granites can be fractured and receive water this deep. Scientific models previously had not predicted water to be found at such great depths. Instead, water was found at these greater depths. Water was not naturally vaporizing at any depth in the borehole. In addition to this, water was unexpectedly found at three to six kilometers deep. It was then thought by scientists that seismic discontinuity was caused by granite metamorphosis instead of basalts. Instead, the actual geological evidence from the borehole revealed there were more granites, and at much greater depths than scientists had considered. Scientific models had previously suggested basalt should be seen. Prior to that, geological information about the earth's crust was mostly based on analyzing seismic waves that indicated discontinuity. ĭuring the drilling process, unexpectedly no basaltic layers were found at seven kilometers down or at any depth in the borehole. ![]() Drilling was stopped in August 1994 at 8,578 metres (28,143 ft) of depth due to lack of funds and the well itself was mothballed. Drilling of the fifth hole started in April 1994 from 8,278 metres (27,159 ft) of depth of the third hole. The drilling of the fourth hole was stopped in April 1992 at 11,882 metres (38,983 ft) of depth. The drilling of the fourth hole was started in January 1991 from 9,653 metres (31,670 ft) of depth of third hole. In June 1990, a breakdown occurred in the third hole at 12,262 metres (40,230 ft) of depth. In that year, the hole depth was expected to reach 13,500 metres (44,300 ft) by the end of 1990 and 15,000 metres (49,000 ft) by 1993. Drilling was restarted in September 1986, 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) from the first hole. This idle period may have contributed to a breakdown after drilling resumed on 27 September 1984, after drilling to 12,066 metres (39,587 ft), a 5,000 millimetres (200 in) section of the drill string twisted off and was left in the hole. In 1983, the drill passed 12,000 metres (39,000 ft) in the second hole, and drilling was stopped for about a year for numerous scientific and celebratory visits to the site. In October 1982, the first hole reached 11,662 metres (38,261 ft), and the second hole was started in January 1983 from a 9,300 metres (30,500 ft) depth of the first hole. On 6 June 1979, the world depth record held by the Bertha Rogers hole in Washita County, Oklahoma, United States, at 9,583 meters (31,440 ft), was broken. In 1974, the new purpose-built Uralmash-15000 drilling rig was installed onsite, named after the new target depth, set at 15,000 metres (49,000 ft). The rig was slightly modified to be able to reach a 7,000-meter (23,000 ft) depth. Kola Superdeep Borehole, commemorated on a 1987 USSR stampĭrilling began on using the Uralmash-4E, a serial drilling rig used for drilling oil wells. For two decades, it was also the world's longest borehole in terms of measured depth along the well bore (that is, borehole length) until it was surpassed in 2008 by the 12,289 metres (40,318 ft) long Al Shaheen Oil Well in Qatar. In terms of true vertical depth, it remains the deepest borehole in the world. The deepest reached 12,262 metres (40,230 ft 7.619 mi) in 1989, the deepest human-made hole on Earth, and remains so as of 2023. ![]() The 23 centimetres (9 in) diameter boreholes were drilled by branching from a central hole. The project attempted to drill as deep as possible into the Earth's crust.ĭrilling began on 24 May 1970 using the Uralmash-4E, and later the Uralmash-15000 series drilling rig, and it became the deepest manmade hole in history in 1979. Is the result of a scientific drilling project of the Soviet Union in the Pechengsky District, near the Russian border with Norway, on the Kola Peninsula. The Kola Superdeep Borehole ( Russian: Кольская сверхглубокая скважина, romanized: Kol'skaya sverkhglubokaya skvazhina) SG-3
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